General information about car suspension The front suspension is independent, with McPherson struts, lower wishbones and an anti-roll bar. The struts with coil springs and built-in telescopic shock absorbers are attached with their upper parts to reinforced...
Control and adjustment values of front wheel alignment angles Caution: After adjusting the wheel alignment angles, program the torque sensor and steering wheel angle sensor using a diagnostic tool. Angle of longitudinal inclination of the axis of rotation The longitudinal tilt...
Height of control points of the lower part of the body Fig. 4.5. Ground clearance measurement points Measuring the vehicle's ground clearance is necessary to ensure the accuracy of the wheel alignment angles, as these angles vary slightly depending on the vehicle's height....
Diagnostics of vibrations related to vehicle speed General information Vibrations are caused by a sequence of pulses. In the case of vibrations related to the speed of movement, these pulses are generated by the imbalance of some element rotating together with the...
Tire pressure monitoring system (diagnostics) The sensors start to emit signals approximately one minute after the speed of movement exceeds 20 km/h. During movement, the sensors emit signals every minute. The sensors remain active for 15 minutes after the vehicle...
Tire pressure Cold tyre pressure, bar, fully laden and/or for highway driving. Attention! When measuring pressure on warm tires, take into account its increase from heating within 0.2–0.3 bar, do not reduce the pressure under any...
Wheel balancing Fig. 4.9. Balancing bushing: 1 – bushing To accurately reproduce the conditions of wheel installation on a vehicle, be sure to install a 60 mm diameter bushing on the balancing stand (Fig. 4.9). There are 3 types of...
Wheel removal and balancing Immediately after the road test, place the vehicle on a two-post lift. Loosen the wheel mounting bolts. Raise the car. Release the parking brake. Make sure that the wheel is not deformed due to impacts (if there are any...
Installing a wheel on a car Install the wheel back on the vehicle so that the tire valve is in the upper position. Fig. 4.13. Installing and securing the wheel on the vehicle: 1 – lower wheel bolts; 2 – Upper wheel bolts Pre-tighten the wheel...
Removal and installation the front suspension steering knuckle Removal Place the vehicle on a two-post lift. Unlock the steering wheel. Remove the wheel from the appropriate side. Disconnect the wheel speed sensor wire bracket (if it is installed). Remove the wheel speed sensor....
Removal and installation the front wheel hub bearing Caution! The bearing has a built-in signal disk for the wheel speed sensor, take measures to avoid damaging the disk (if there is one) when installing the bearing. Removal Remove the steering knuckle. Fig. 4.18....
Front suspension spring and shock absorber Removal Place the vehicle on a two-post lift. Attention! Make sure that the color marking of the springs and shock absorbers of the car is identical to the marking of the spare parts. Unlock the steering wheel....
Shock absorber noise (diagnostics) Each shock absorber replacement must be justified by the results of the diagnostics below. The noise heard when driving off the sidewalk ("cannon shot") is related to the characteristics of the shock absorber and is not...
Removal and installation the front suspension arm Caution: Regardless of the lifting equipment used, do not use the suspension arm as a support. Removal Place the vehicle on a two-post lift. Unlock the steering wheel. Remove the front wheel and side mudguard. Fig....
Removal and installation the hub bearing Note: Before starting the removal procedure, attach an indicator to the brake drum and check the axial clearance (permissible limits are 0–0.03 mm). Removal Remove the brake drum. Fig. 4.37. Removing the retaining ring...
Removal and installation the rear suspension spring Note: When removing, remember the marking colors of the shock absorbers and springs so as not to mix them up during installation. Removal Place the vehicle on a two-post lift. Remove the rear wheels. Install the...
Removal and installation the rear shock absorber Caution: Regardless of the lifting equipment used, never use the rear suspension beam as a support. When replacing one of the shock absorbers, it is necessary to also replace the shock absorber on the opposite side....
Removal and installation the rear axle assembly Removal Release the parking brake. Place the vehicle on a two-post lift. Caution: When performing this operation, it is necessary to secure the vehicle to the lift using a safety belt to prevent the vehicle from...