General information about car suspension The front suspension is independent, with McPherson struts, lower wishbones and an anti-roll bar. Racks with twisted springs and built-in telescopic shock absorbers are attached with the upper part to the reinforced...
Height of control points of the lower part of the body Pic. 4.5. Ride Height Measurement Points Measuring the vehicle's ride height is necessary to maintain the accuracy of the wheel alignment, as these angles vary slightly with the height of the vehicle. The ground...
Diagnostics of vibrations related to vehicle speed General information Vibrations are caused by a sequence of pulses. In the case of vibrations related to the speed of movement, these impulses are generated by an imbalance of some element rotating with the wheel, which...
Tire pressure monitoring system (diagnostics) The sensors begin to emit signals about a minute after the speed exceeds 20 km/h. While driving, the sensors emit signals every minute. The sensors remain active for 15 minutes after the car stops, then they go into...
Tire pressure Cold air pressure, bar, with full load and/or motorway driving. Attention! When measuring pressure on warm tires, take into account its increase from heating in the range of 0.2–0.3 bar, in no case lower the pressure....
Wheel balancing Pic. 4.9. Bushing for balancing: 1 - sleeve To accurately reproduce the conditions of wheel installation on a car, be sure to install a bushing with a diameter of 60 mm on the balancing stand (pic. 4.9). There are 3...
Removing and balancing wheels Place the vehicle on a two-post lift immediately after the road test. Loosen the wheel bolts. Raise the vehicle. Release the parking brake. Make sure the wheel is free from impact damage (if there are deformations,...
Installing a wheel on a car Reinstall the wheel on the vehicle so that the tire valve is in the up position. Pic. 4.13. Installing and fixing the wheel on the car: 1 - lower wheel bolts; 2 - upper wheel bolts Pre-tighten wheel bolts to torque (30...
Removal and installation of a rotary fist of a forward suspension bracket Removing Place the car on a two post lift. Unlock the steering wheel. Remove the wheel from the corresponding side. Disconnect the wheel speed sensor wire holder (if it is installed). Remove the wheel speed sensor. Pic....
Removal and installation of the bearing of a nave of a forward wheel Attention! The bearing has a built-in signal disk for the wheel speed sensor, take care not to damage the disk (if he is) when installing the bearing. Removing Remove the steering knuckle. Pic. 4.18. Pressing the hub...
Spring and shock absorber front suspension Removing Place the car on a two post lift. Attention! Make sure that the color coding of the springs and shock absorbers of the car is identical to the marking of the spare parts. Unlock the steering wheel. Disconnect...
Shock absorber noise (diagnostics) Each shock absorber replacement must be justified by the results of the diagnosis below. Noises heard when driving off the sidewalk («cannon shot»), are related to the characteristics of the shock absorber and do not...
Removal and installation of the front suspension arm Attention! Regardless of the lifting equipment used, do not use the suspension arm as a support. Removing Place the car on a two post lift. Unlock the steering wheel. Remove the front wheel and side fender liner. Pic....
Removal and installation of the bearing of a nave Note. Before starting the removal procedure, fix the indicator on the brake drum and check on it, the axial clearance (allowable limits 0–0.03 mm). Removing Remove the brake drum. Pic. 4.37. Removing the retaining ring...
Removal and installation of a spring of a back suspension bracket Note. When removing, remember the colors of the markings of shock absorbers and springs so as not to confuse them during installation. Removing Place the car on a two post lift. Remove rear wheels. Install the hydraulic...
Removal and installation of the rear shock absorber Attention! Regardless of the lifting equipment used, never use the rear suspension beam as a support. When replacing one of the shock absorbers, the shock absorber on the opposite side must also be replaced. Removing...
Removal and installation of the rear axle assembly Removing Release the parking brake. Place the car on a two post lift. Attention! When carrying out this operation, it is necessary to secure the vehicle on a lift using a safety belt to prevent the vehicle from being...