collapse - the angle by which the plane of rotation of the front wheels deviates from the vertical axis, when viewed from the front of the car. Camber is considered positive when the tops of the wheels are deflected outward. This angle affects the area of contact with the road surface of the tire tread. The camber of the front wheels can be adjusted using a special template.
Longitudinal inclination of the axis of rotation of the wheel - projection of the angle between the axis of rotation of the wheel and the vertical onto a vertical plane along the vehicle. Pitch is positive when the axle is tilted back. This angle is set during the production of the vehicle and cannot be adjusted.
Lateral inclination of an axis of turn of a wheel - projection of the angle between the axis of rotation of the wheel and the vertical onto a vertical plane across the car). The cross slope is also not adjustable.
Convergence - deviation of the plane of rotation of the wheels from the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. Toe-in is positive when the front parts of the wheels point inward. About the negative (reverse) Toe-in is said when the front parts of the wheels point away from each other.
The convergence of the front wheels is regulated by changing the length of the steering rods due to the displacement of the tips along them. The convergence of the rear wheels is not adjustable.
Front wheel alignment
Since special measuring equipment is required for checking and adjusting wheel alignment, as well as a certain skill, it is recommended to entrust this work to a service station. If you still decide to do the work yourself, proceed as follows.
1. In order for the measurement to be accurate, the weight of the car must be nominal (unloaded and with a full fuel tank). Make sure there is nothing extra in the car.
2. Before starting work, make sure that the correct size and type of tires are installed on the vehicle, then check the tire pressure and tread wear. Also check the wheels for runout, the steering wheel for play, the condition of the wheel bearings and the front suspension components (see chapter Maintenance). Repair any found faults.
3. Park your car on level ground (not slanted) and set the front wheels to position "directly". Rock the front and rear of the car to get the suspension components in place properly. For the same purpose, release the handbrake and roll the car back about 1 meter, and then return it to its original place.
4. Measure the distance between the extreme front and rear points of the inner edges of the wheel rims. Subtract the second measurement from the first and check that the result matches the data given in Specifications.
5. If adjustment is necessary, apply the handbrake, then jack up the front of the vehicle and place it securely on axle stands. Turn the steering wheel to the leftmost position and count the number of revolutions of the thread protruding from the right tie rod end. Now turn the steering wheel all the way to the right and count the number of turns of the thread on the left side. If the number of thread turns is the same on both sides, the subsequent adjustment must be made equally on both rods. If more thread turns are visible on one side than on the other, this difference must be compensated during adjustment.
Note. After adjustment, the same number of thread turns should protrude from the tie rod ends.
6. Clean the tie rod threads; if it is corroded, apply a special penetrating fluid before starting the adjustment. Loosen the outer straps of the steering rubber boots, then fold back the boots so they don't get pulled or twisted during the adjustment process. Apply a small amount of lubricant to the covers.
7. Using a ruler and marking tool, mark the tie rods and their tips. Turn away bolts of tips of drafts.
8. Change the length of the tie rods (considering the note provided above), screwing them in or out of the tips. Install a double-sided wrench on the bevels of the rod and rotate it. Shortening the tie rods will decrease the toe, and vice versa.
Note. Displacement of the rods by one turn of the thread will change the angle of convergence of the wheels by 30' (3 mm).
9. Having achieved the correct convergence, tighten bolts of clips of tips of drafts. Make sure that the ball joints are seated correctly in their sockets and that the number of turns of the threads on the parts of the tie rods that protrude from the tips are the same. Incorrect adjustment will knock the steering wheel centering and cause uneven tire wear.
10. After completing the adjustment, lower the vehicle to the ground and recheck the toe-in. Repeat the adjustment if necessary. Tighten the tie rod end clamp bolts. Make sure the rubber steering gear boots are not twisted or tight, then secure them with new clamps.