Pic. 5.1. Clutch:A - cars with gasoline engines; B - cars with diesel engines: 1 - driven clutch disc; 2 - clutch housing with pressure plate; 3 - clutch release bearing; 4 - clutch release fork; 5 - hemispherical support; 6 - clutch cable; 7 - clutch pedal; 8 - clutch master cylinder; 9 - pipeline; 10 - clutch slave cylinder
Attention.
- Clutch repair requires removal of the gearbox (expensive operation), so in this case it is also recommended to replace the clutch driven disc and clutch release bearing
- The hydraulic clutch drive of cars with diesel engines is non-separable and does not require maintenance.
- On cars with gasoline engines, during operation, wear is automatically compensated between the friction linings of the pressure and driven disks.
Depending on the design of the flywheel, different clutch discs are used.
On cars with gasoline engines with a solid flywheel made of one piece, a dry, single-plate clutch is installed, with a central pressure spring and a cable drive. The driven disk has a torsional vibration damper. The clutch release bearing is ball, installed without clearance in relation to the pressure spring petals.
On vehicles with diesel engines with two-section (double mass) A flywheel with an intermediate elastic element is used to install the clutch disc without vibration damper springs. The flywheel is a non-separable unit consisting of two flywheels. connected to each other by two springs located around the circumference. This unit allows the first flywheel (connected to the crankshaft flange) rotate relative to the second at an angle of 80° (connected to the clutch housing and serving as the working surface of the clutch driven disc). The pressure plate with housing and clutch release bearing are of the usual type.
Vibration damper reduces dynamic loads that cause twisting (unwinding) transmission shafts, which occur when there is a sudden change in vehicle speed. hitting uneven roads, abruptly engaging the clutch, and also due to uneven engine torque. Elastic vibrations of transmission parts lead to noise in mechanisms and assemblies. as well as to vibrations, which may result in damage to parts if the amplitude of elastic vibrations reaches significant values. A damper is used to absorb the energy of elastic torsional vibrations. The diaphragm spring mechanism creates a force that combines the work of the flywheel, pressure and driven disks to ensure joint rotation, in In this case, the clutch engages and transmits torque from the engine to the gearbox.
The clutch is controlled by the clutch pedal.
The clutch is released as follows.
On cars with gasoline engines, pressing the clutch pedal moves the cable, which in turn acts on the clutch release fork.
On cars with diesel engines, as a result of pressing the clutch pedal, the piston moves in the master cylinder, compressing the fluid, the pressure of which is transmitted through the hose to the clutch slave cylinder, the piston of which, in turn, acts on the clutch release fork. The clutch release fork moves the clutch release bearing, which presses on the center of the diaphragm spring, thereby releasing the actuation force around the perimeter of the spring and moves the pressure plate rearward. This frees the driven disk, after which the engine shaft and gearbox shaft can rotate independently of each other.