Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) developed by Bosch and designed to prevent the wheels from locking during heavy braking, which increases the active safety of the car. The system starts at a speed of about 7 km/h and stops at a speed below 3 km/h, while the car moves to a complete stop without skidding.
Brakes work most effectively with maximum tire friction on the road surface. When braking, the tire begins to slip on the road surface and the circumferential speed of the wheel becomes less than the speed of the car.
Tire slip is zero when the wheel is free and 100% when the wheel is locked. The maximum efficiency of the brakes is achieved at a slip coefficient of 15%.
With this value of the slip coefficient, reliable handling and the best stability of the car are ensured.
The purpose of the anti-lock braking system is to instantly limit the pressure in the brakes to obtain the optimal coefficient of slip of the wheels. ABS instantly acts on the brake of each wheel, reacting to changes in the properties of the road surface or the load on the wheel.