The gearbox is installed in the engine compartment transversely to the longitudinal axis of the engine and bolted to it. This arrangement has the advantage of providing the shortest (possible) transmission path to the front wheels. It also optimizes cooling by positioning the gearbox in the air flow through the engine compartment.
Torque from the crankshaft through the clutch is transmitted to the input shaft of the gearbox.
The gearshift drive is designed to control the gearbox by the driver from the car.
Gear selection is carried out using a gear lever mounted on the floor of the passenger compartment, which is connected to the gearbox by a gear shift rod. The link actuates a series of forks located inside the gearbox, which are installed in the cutouts of the synchronizer sliding sleeves. The clutches are locked onto the gearbox shafts, but can slide axially over them due to the presence of ground hubs that press against the blocking rings, bringing them into contact with the corresponding gears. The conical surface of the blocking ring and gear acts as a friction clutch, which gradually equalizes the speed of the synchronizer sliding clutch (and, consequently, the gearbox shaft) and gear speed. The blocking pin, which is included in the figured cutout of the blocking ring, prevents the engagement of the synchronizer clutch ring with the gear until their speeds become equal. This ensures smooth shifting and reduces noise and wear caused by fast gear shifts. Torque is transmitted to the driven gear of the final drive, which transmits rotation through the pinions of the planetary gear to the differential gears and drive shafts. The rotation of the satellites on their axes allows the inner wheel of the car to rotate at a lower speed when cornering than the outer one. The main gear and differential are installed in the same crankcase in such a way that the disassembly of one unit inevitably leads to a malfunction of the other unit. Adjustment and repair of the main gear require the use of a number of special tools and devices.
Pic. 4.14. Type of manual transmission
The view of the mechanical transmission is shown in fig. 4.14.