2. If antifreeze has been in the system for a long time, flush it. To do this, unscrew the cap of the expansion tank and insert a hose into the hole. Disconnect the lower radiator hose to facilitate flushing. Supply water and wait until it appears from the lower radiator pipe.
3. The percentage composition of the coolant depends on the local climate. A mixture of 35% antifreeze and 65% water is suitable for temperatures down to -23°C. 50% antifreeze and 50% water protect the cooling system at temperatures down to -40°C.
4. To avoid air pockets when charging the system, pay attention to the following:
A) Replace the drain plug and connect the lower radiator hose. Be sure to install gaskets.
b) Set the heater control lever to the warm air position. When filling with coolant, the vent plugs must be open so that the liquid is distributed evenly (see illustrations). Different engines have these plugs in different places. On carburetor models with an engine capacity of 2.0 liters, an additional plug is installed - it is located in a device that dispenses additional fuel when the carburetor is turned on. On these models, the radiator cap is usually not installed.
2.4a Cooling system for injection engines with a volume of 2.0 and 2.2 liters; on models with a carbureted engine, only one vent plug is used (in the carburetor); 1. Engine; 2. Radiator; 3. Expansion tank; 4 Heater matrix
2.4b Turbocharged diesel engine cooling system, (symbols see illustration 2.4a).; 1. Engine; 2. Radiator; 3. Expansion tank; 4. Heater matrix; 5. Cold start device; 6. Oil cooler
2.4c V6 engine cooling system (symbols are identical to those shown in illustration 2.4a); 1. Engine; 2. Radiator; 3. Expansion tank; 4. Heater matrix; 5. Prechamber
5. On later models, a new expansion tank is installed.
6. Cooling systems of all models are filled through the filler hole of the expansion tank with the radiator cap closed. If you have an old radiator hose on hand, insert one end of it into the opening of the expansion tank. Insert a funnel into the other end of the hose and add coolant. Antifreeze cannot be filled in this way. Place the reservoir cap as well as the vent plugs in working position. Feed liquid until it comes out from under the plugs without bubbles. Clamp the plugs and tighten the radiator cap.
7. Start the engine and let it run at 1500 rpm for a while. If necessary, add coolant to the mark «max», available on the wall of the tank. Wrap a stopper of a broad tank. Let the engine run until the cooling fan turns on, then turn it off. Let the engine cool down and check the coolant level. Add more liquid if necessary. Do not open the vent plugs while the engine is running.