Contents: General description 🠛 Precautions 🠛
General description
1. The engine electrical system mainly consists of starting and charging systems. Since the functions of these systems are related to the operation of the engine, their components are considered separately from the electrical devices of the body, such as external lighting, instruments, etc. The latter are considered in Section 12. Information on the ignition system and preheating system is given in Parts IN, WITH and D this Section.
2. Electrical system - 12 volt with negative ground.
3. Models may use a low-maintenance or maintenance-free battery, which is charged by a generator driven by a belt from the crankshaft pulley.
4. The starter has a freewheel clutch with preliminary engagement with the traction relay. When the engine starts, the traction relay moves the pinion gear, bringing it into engagement with the flywheel ring gear before the starter is activated. After the engine starts, the freewheel clutch prevents the transmission of rotation from the engine to the starter.
5. More detailed information on various systems is provided in the relevant Chapters of this Section. Although some repair procedures are provided, it is best to replace the faulty component.
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Precautions
6. When working on an electrical system, extra care must be taken to avoid damaging semiconductor devices
(diodes and transistors) and avoid electric shock.
7. Always remove rings, watches, etc. before working on the electrical system. Even with the battery disconnected, capacitive discharge can occur if the component's power terminal is accidentally shorted with a metal object. This may cause shock or severe burns.
8. Do not confuse the battery terminals. Components such as the generator, electronic control devices or any other components that contain semiconductor circuitry may be damaged.
9. When starting the engine using large-section wires and a starting device or a separate battery, you need to connect the plus to the plus and the minus to the minus. This also applies when connecting the battery to the charger.
10. Never disconnect the battery terminals, generator terminals, any electrical wiring or control instruments while the engine is running.
11. Do not allow the engine to rotate when the generator is disconnected from the electrical system.
12. Never test the generator's performance by shorting its output contacts to ground.
13. Never use an ohmmeter with a built-in generator to test resistance or a circuit.
14. When working on the electrical system, make sure the negative battery cable is disconnected.
15. Before using arc welding on a vehicle, disconnect the battery, generator, and components such as the electronic ignition control device and fuel injection system to protect them from damage.
16. If the radio in your car is coded, make sure you have the correct key code before disconnecting the battery.